2008年8月31日星期日

电子专业词汇的中英文对照

电路的基本概念及定律
电源 source
电压源
voltage source
电流源
current source
理想电压源
ideal voltage source
理想电流源
ideal current source
伏安特性
volt-ampere characteristic
电动势
electromotive force
电压
voltage
电流
current
电位
potential
电位差
potential difference
欧姆
Ohm
伏特
Volt
安培
Ampere
瓦特
Watt
焦耳
Joule
电路
circuit
电路元件
circuit element
电阻
resistance
电阻器
resistor
电感
inductance
电感器
inductor
电容
capacitance
电容器
capacitor
电路模型
circuit model
参考方向
reference direction
参考电位
reference potential
欧姆定律 Ohm
s law
基尔霍夫定律 Kirchhoff
s law
基尔霍夫电压定律 Kirchhoffs voltage law
KVL
基尔霍夫电流定律 Kirchhoff
s current lawKCL
结点
node
支路
branch
回路
loop
网孔
mesh
支路电流法
branch current analysis
网孔电流法
mesh current analysis
结点电位法
node voltage analysis
电源变换
source transformations
叠加原理
superposition theorem
网络
network
无源二端网络
passive two-terminal network
有源二端网络
active two-terminal network
戴维宁定理 Thevenin
s theorem
诺顿定理 Norton
s theorem
开路(断路)open circuit
短路
short circuit
开路电压
open-circuit voltage
短路电流 short-circuit current


交流电路
直流电路 direct current circuit (dc)
交流电路
alternating current circuit (ac)
正弦交流电路
sinusoidal a-c circuit
平均值
average value
有效值
effective value
均方根值
root-mean-squire value (rms)
瞬时值
instantaneous value
电抗
reactance
感抗
inductive reactance
容抗
capacitive reactance
法拉
Farad
亨利
Henry
阻抗
impedance
复数阻抗
complex impedance
相位
phase
初相位
initial phase
相位差
phase difference
相位领先
phase lead
相位落后
phase lag
倒相,反相
phase inversion
频率
frequency
角频率
angular frequency
赫兹
Hertz
相量
phasor
相量图
phasor diagram
有功功率
active power
无功功率
reactive power
视在功率
apparent power
功率因数
power factor
功率因数补偿
power-factor compensation
串联谐振
series resonance
并联谐振
parallel resonance
谐振频率
resonance frequency
频率特性
frequency characteristic
幅频特性
amplitude-frequency response characteristic
相频特性
phase-frequency response characteristic
截止频率
cutoff frequency
品质因数
quality factor
通频带
pass-band
带宽
bandwidth (BW)
滤波器
filter
一阶滤波器
first-order filter
二阶滤波器
second-order filter
低通滤波器
low-pass filter
高通滤波器
high-pass filter
带通滤波器
band-pass filter
带阻滤波器
band-stop filter
转移函数
transfer function
波特图
Bode diagram
傅立叶级数
Fourier series

三相电路
三相电路 three-phase circuit
三相电源
three-phase source
对称三相电源
symmetrical three-phase source
对称三相负载
symmetrical three-phase load
相电压
phase voltage
相电流
phase current
线电压
line voltage
线电流
line current
三相三线制
three-phase three-wire system
三相四线制
three-phase four-wire system
三相功率
three-phase power
星形连接
star connection(Y-connection)
三角形连接
triangular connection(D- connection ,delta connection)
中线
neutral line

电路的暂态过程分析
暂态 transient state
稳态
steady state
暂态过程,暂态响应
transient response
换路定理 low of switch

一阶电路 first-order circuit
三要素法 three-factor method
时间常数 time constant
积分电路 integrating circuit
微分电路 differentiating circuit

磁路与变压器
磁场magnetic field
磁通
flux
磁路
magnetic circuit
磁感应强度
flux density
磁通势
magnetomotive force
磁阻 reluctance

电动机
直流电动机 dc motor
交流电动机
ac motor
异步电动机
asynchronous motor
同步电动机
synchronous motor
三相异步电动机
three-phase asynchronous motor
单相异步电动机
single-phase asynchronous motor
旋转磁场
rotating magnetic field
定子
stator
转子
rotor
转差率
slip
起动电流
starting current
起动转矩
starting torque
额定电压
rated voltage
额定电流
rated current
额定功率
rated power
机械特性
mechanical characteristic

继电器-接触器控制
按钮 button
熔断器
fuse
开关
switch
行程开关
travel switch
继电器
relay
接触器
contactor
常开(动合)触点
normally open contact
常闭(动断)触点
normally closed contact
时间继电器
time relay
热继电器
thermal overload relay
中间继电器 intermediate relay


可编程控制器(PLC
可编程控制器 programmable logic controller
语句表
statement list
梯形图
ladder diagram
半导体器件

本征半导体
intrinsic semiconductor
掺杂半导体
doped semiconductor
P
型半导体
P-type semiconductor
N
型半导体
N--type semiconductor
自由电子
free electron
空穴
hole
载流子
carriers
PN
PN junction
扩散
diffusion
漂移
drift
二极管
diode
硅二极管
silicon diode
锗二极管
germanium diode
阳极
anode
阴极
cathode
发光二极管
light-emitting diode (LED)
光电二极管
photodiode
稳压二极管
Zener diode
晶体管(三极管)
transistor
PNP
型晶体管
PNP transistor
NPN
型晶体管
NPN transistor
发射极
emitter
集电极
collector
基极
base
电流放大系数
current amplification coefficient
场效应管
field-effect transistor (FET)
P
沟道
p-channel
N
沟道
n-channel
结型场效应管 junction FETJFET

金属氧化物半导体
metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS)
耗尽型MOS场效应管 depletion mode MOSFETD-MOSFET

增强型MOS场效应管 enhancement mode MOSFETE-MOSFET

源极
source
栅极
grid
漏极
drain
跨导
transconductance
夹断电压
pinch-off voltage
热敏电阻
thermistor
开路
open
短路
shorted
基本放大器

放大器
amplifier
正向偏置
forward bias
反向偏置
backward bias
静态工作点
quiescent point (Q-point)
等效电路
equivalent circuit
电压放大倍数
voltage gain
总的电压放大倍数
overall voltage gain
饱和
saturation
截止
cut-off
放大区
amplifier region
饱和区
saturation region
截止区
cut-off region
失真
distortion
饱和失真
saturation distortion
截止失真
cut-off distortion
零点漂移
zero drift
正反馈
positive feedback
负反馈
negative feedback
串联负反馈
series negative feedback
并联负反馈
parallel negative feedback
共射极放大器
common-emitter amplifier
射极跟随器
emitter-follower
共源极放大器
common-source amplifier
共漏极放大器
common-drain amplifier
多级放大器
multistage amplifier
阻容耦合放大器
resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier
直接耦合放大器
direct- coupled amplifier
输入电阻
input resistance
输出电阻
output resistance
负载电阻
load resistance
动态电阻
dynamic resistance
负载电流
load current
旁路电容
bypass capacitor
耦合电容
coupled capacitor
直流通路
direct current path
交流通路
alternating current path
直流分量
direct current component
交流分量
alternating current component
变阻器(电位器)
rheostat
电阻(器)
resistor
电阻(值)
resistance
电容(器)
capacitor
电容(量)
capacitance
电感(器,线圈)
inductor
电感(量),感应系数
inductance
正弦电压 sinusoidal voltage

集成运算放大器及应用
差动放大器 differential amplifier
运算放大器
operational amplifier(op-amp)
失调电压
offset voltage
失调电流
offset current
共模信号
common-mode signal
差模信号
different-mode signal
共模抑制比
common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR)
积分电路 integratorcircuit

微分电路 differentiatorcircuit

有源滤波器
active filter
低通滤波器
low-pass filter
高通滤波器
high-pass filter
带通滤波器
band-pass filter
带阻滤波器
band-stop filter
波特沃斯滤波器
Butterworth filter
切比雪夫滤波器
Chebyshev filter
贝塞尔滤波器
Bessel filter
截止频率
cut-off frequency
上限截止频率
upper cut-off frequency
下限截止频率
lower cut-off frequency
中心频率
center frequency
带宽
Bandwidth
开环增益
open-loop gain
闭环增益
closed-loop gain
共模增益
common-mode gain
输入阻抗
input impedance
电压跟随器
voltage-follower
电压源
voltage source
电流源
current source
单位增益带宽
unity-gain bandwidth
频率响应
frequency response
频响特性(曲线)
response characteristic
波特图
the Bode plot
稳定性
stability
补偿
compensation
比较器
comparator
迟滞比较器
hysteresis comparator
阶跃输入电压
step input voltage
仪表放大器
instrumentation amplifier
隔离放大器
isolation amplifier
对数放大器
log amplifier
反对数放大器
antilog amplifier
反馈通道
feedback path
反向漏电流
reverse leakage current
相位
phase
相移
phase shift
锁相环
phase-locked loop(PLL)
锁相环相位监测器
PLL phase detector
和频
sum frequency
差频 difference frequency

波形发生电路
振荡器 oscillator
RC
振荡器
RC oscillator
LC
振荡器
LC oscillator
正弦波振荡器
sinusoidal oscillator
三角波发生器
triangular wave generator
方波发生器
square wave generator
幅度
magnitude
电平
level
饱和输出电平(电压) saturated output level

功率放大器
功率放大器 power amplifier
交越失真
cross-over distortion
甲类功率放大器
class A power amplifier
乙类推挽功率放大器
class B push-pull power amplifier
OTL
功率放大器
output transformerless power amplifier
OCL
功率放大器 output capacitorless power amplifier

直流稳压电源
半波整流 full-wave rectifier
全波整流
half-wave rectifier
电感滤波器
inductor filter
电容滤波器
capacitor filter
串联型稳压电源
series (voltage) regulator
开关型稳压电源
switching (voltage) regulator
集成稳压器 IC (voltage) regulator

晶闸管及可控整流电路
晶闸管 thyristor
单结晶体管 unijunction transistorUJT

可控整流
controlled rectifier
可控硅
silicon-controlled rectifier
峰点
peak point
谷点
valley point
控制角
controlling angle
导通角 turn-on angle

门电路与逻辑代数
二进制 binary
二进制数
binary number
十进制
decimal
十六进制
hexadecimal
-十进制 binary coded decimal BCD

门电路
gate
三态门
tri-state gate
与门
AND gate
或门
OR gate
非门
NOT gate
与非门
NAND gate
或非门
NOR gate
异或门
exclusive-OR gate
反相器
inverter
布尔代数
Boolean algebra
真值表
truth table
卡诺图
the Karnaugh map
逻辑函数
logic function
逻辑表达式
logic expression
组合逻辑电路
组合逻辑电路 combination logic circuit
译码器
decoder
编码器
coder
比较器
comparator
半加器
half-adder
全加器
full-adder
七段显示器 seven-segment display

时序逻辑电路
时序逻辑电路 sequential logic circuit
R-S
触发器
R-S flip-flop
D
触发器
D flip-flop
J-K
触发器
J-K flip-flop
主从型触发器
master-slave flip-flop
置位
set
复位
reset
直接置位端
direct-set terminal
直接复位端
direct-reset terminal
寄存器
register
移位寄存器
shift register
双向移位寄存器
bidirectional shift register
计数器
counter
同步计数器
synchronous counter
异步计数器
asynchronous counter
加法计数器
adding counter
减法计数器
subtracting counter
定时器
timer
清除(清0
clear
载入
load
时钟脉冲
clock pulse
触发脉冲
trigger pulse
上升沿
positive edge
下降沿
negative edge
时序图 timing
diagram
波形图
waveform
脉冲波形的产生与整形
单稳态触发器 monostable flip-flop
双稳态触发器
bistable flip-flop
无稳态振荡器
astable oscillator
晶体
crystal
555
定时器
555 timer
模拟信号与数字信号的相互转换
模拟信号 analog signal
数字信号
digital signal
AD
转换器
analog -digital converter (ADC)
DA
转换器
digital-analog converter (DAC)
半导体存储器

只读存储器 read-only memoryROM

随机存取存储器 random-access memoryRAM

可编程ROM programmable ROMPROM

Linear Control System(线性系统),
Single Input Single Output(
单输入单输出),
Laplace Transform(
拉普拉斯变换),
Differential Equations(
微分方程),
Transfer Functions(
传递函数),
Models of System(
系统模型),
Block Diagrams(
方框),
Mason’s Gain Formula(
梅森公式),
First-order System(
一阶系统),
Second-order System(
二阶系统),
Higher-order System(
高阶系统),
Close-loop Control System(
闭环控制系统),
Stability(
稳定性),
Transient Response(
瞬态响应),
Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion(
劳斯判据),
Steady-state Accuracy(
稳态精度),
Root-locus(
根轨迹),
Root-locus Principles(
根轨迹基本规则),
Frequency Responses(
频率响应),
Bode Diagrams(
波特),
Nyquist Criterion(
奈氏判据),
Relative Stability(
相对稳定性).

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